Parallel Mono Environments
This document details how to run multiple Mono environments on a single system where neither environment conflicts with another.
This assumes that you are familiar with the compilation process for Mono.
What’s the Point?
It may be desirable to have two or more completely separate and independent Mono stacks running at the same time, for development purposes or even for running unstable applications without compromising existing installed stable versions.
For example, under SUSE 10 Mono, Banshee, F-Spot, and Tomboy (to name a few) are all installed by default, are considered “stable,” and are linked against “stable” Mono libraries, such as gtk-sharp-2.x.
It is possible to run the latest versions of these applications (for example, from Mono Git) with the latest version of Mono by installing all components into a separate prefix with different environment variables.
Getting Sources
This document assumes that a distribution-installed Mono environment already exists, and is installed in a prefix other than /opt/mono.
The “parallel” environment this document details is installed from either source tarballs or from Mono Git repository.
Source Tarballs
First, download the Released Source Mono Tarballs. This document is concerned only with mono, libgdiplus, gtk-sharp-1.x, gtk-sharp-2.x, and mono-tools.
Source from Version Control (Mono Git)
Modules in Mono Git correspond to the source tarballs above. Respective modules are: mono, libgdiplus, and gtk-sharp. If you are using Git rather than released tarballs, you must run the ./autogen.sh script to generate the autotools build system before you will be able to run ./configure commands.
Setting up a Build Environment
To prevent introducing elements from the existing Mono environment, a new environment must be set up. This section assumes GNOME is installed in /opt/gnome.
Create a bash script named something like ~/mono-dev-env. Its contents should be similar to the following:
#!/bin/bash
MONO_PREFIX=/opt/mono
GNOME_PREFIX=/opt/gnome
export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=$MONO_PREFIX/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_FALLBACK_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$MONO_PREFIX/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=$MONO_PREFIX/include:$GNOME_PREFIX/include
export ACLOCAL_PATH=$MONO_PREFIX/share/aclocal
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$MONO_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig:$GNOME_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig
export PATH=$MONO_PREFIX/bin:$PATH
PS1="[mono] \w @ "
Along with setting appropriate environment variables to only use sources from /opt/mono and /opt/gnome, it also sets the Bash prompt to something other than the default, so it is easy to detect when Bash is in this alternate environment.
Finally, to enter this environment at any time, run the following from a Bash prompt:
source ~/mono-dev-env
Once in the environment, sources can be built and installed.
Building Sources
This section details only building from released source tarballs. Building from cloned Mono Git sources is similar. These instructions are based on the Mono 1.1.9.1 release. Subsequent releases should have similar build procedures, but tarball file names will change.
libgdiplus
Ensure you have all development packages installed for TIFF, PNG, GIF, and JPEG libraries before configuring.
tar zxf libgdiplus-1.1.9.1.tar.gz
cd libgdiplus-1.1.9.1
./configure --prefix=/opt/mono
make
sudo make install
mono
Under SUSE 10, compilation may fail. See the fix related to the VER_1 ld build error.
tar zxf mono-1.1.9.1.tar.gz
cd mono-1.1.9.1
./configure --prefix=/opt/mono
make
sudo make install
gtk-sharp
tar zxf gtk-sharp-1.0.10.tar.gz
cd gtk-sharp-1.0.10
./configure --prefix=/opt/mono
make
sudo make install
Note: make may fail the first time here, for some unknown reason, running make a second time works.
gtk-sharp-2
tar zxf gtk-sharp-2.3.91.tar.gz
cd gtk-sharp-2.3.91
./configure --prefix=/opt/mono
make
sudo make install
Note: make may fail the first time here, for some unknown reason, running make a second time works.
mono-tools
tar zxvf mono-tools-1.1.9.tar.gz
cd mono-tools-1.1.9
./configure --prefix=/opt/mono
make
sudo make install
Conclusion
A fully independent Mono environment should now be available in /opt/mono.
Tip: Your first build
Your first build will take place from the “mono” directory, that will do an initial build. Make sure that you “make install” after you are done, and you make sure that the new “mono” is in your path.
You can do this by running “mono –version”, and it should hopefully be a different version than what you have installed, or you can use the command “which mono”, and it should point to the mono version in the prefix you have chosen.
Tip: Rebuilding Class Library Parts
It is not necessary to rebuild the entire Mono every time you make a change in a class library. For example, if you just updated something in mcs/class/System.Web, do this:
cd mcs/class/System.Web
make && make install
That will build and install only that directory.
In addition, if you are developing code for the 4.0 API, you must instruct make to build and install 4.0 components, so that looks like this:
cd mcs/class/System.Web
make PROFILE=net_4_0 && make install PROFILE=net_4_0
Tip: CONFIG_SITE
Try adding this to the script:
export CONFIG_SITE=”$HOME/.config/automake/config.site”
and in that file writing:
test “$prefix” = NONE && prefix=/opt/mono
This will let you avoid typing –prefix all the time
Tip: MONO_GAC_PREFIX
MONO_GAC_PREFIX is a colon-separated list of prefixes that should be searched for GAC directories. It is particularly useful for using your OS-provided GAC within your parallel environment.
For example, if I have Gtk# 1.0.x installed as part of my primary environment under /usr/lib/mono/gac/gtk-sharp and you want to build Gtk# 1.0 applications using your parallel environment under /opt/mono. There are two ways to do this:
- Build Gtk# 1.0.x yourself and install it with the prefix $MONO_PREFIX.
- export MONO_GAC_PREFIX=/usr. This will allow your parallel environment to find the Gtk# 1.0 libraries provided by your distribution.
BEWARE: pkgconfig fallback behaviour
If you intend to leave your MONO_GAC_PREFIX empty to use a local GAC, beware about the fallback behaviour of pkgconfig when it doesn’t find things in your local env: it will search in /usr/ and /usr/local/ in a hardcoded way.
This may lead you to think that the configure scripts of your programs are buggy or lack some detection of libs because the build phase would be successful but you’ll encounter errors at runtime.
Common Problems
Sometimes, the wrapper shell scripts for system installed programs do not write out the full path to mono. For example, while in this new environment, you might execute /usr/bin/monodevelop. Sometimes, this results in the new mono being used. If this is the case, you should report a bug to the developer. Likewise, even if you specify a path like /opt/mono/bin/monodevelop, the old mono may be used.